Cycle-ology: A Passion Project Story

For young men beginning their journey in recovery, one of the most common misconceptions is that once drugs and alcohol are given up, life is destined to be boring and empty. At Green Hill, we strive to make sure that our residents have ample evidence to the contrary.

Will (28) had been struggling with addiction for years, his world becoming smaller and smaller. He described living life feeling lonely, detached, depressed, and aimless. Despite recognizing the need for treatment, and appreciating the potential structure of a transitional living program, Will still harbored many concerns about recovery and how it would impose limitations on his life and future.

Drew (20) knew he needed help and wanted to change his trajectory, but he was worried about losing the freedom to pursue the things he loved while in treatment. One of the most important parts of Drew’s life was outdoor activities like hiking and biking, and he felt skeptical that he’d still be able to follow his passions during treatment. He wasn’t sure if a program like Green Hill would allow him any opportunities for fun or to pursue his own interests.

These concerns are common for incoming clients at Green Hill. They recognize that while structure is an important part of a sober living environment, they also desire space to explore and pursue their interests. We believe it is part of our mission at Green Hill to ensure our residents have ample support to pursue their passions. We have built a culture which encourages teamwork, human connection, and growth. For Will and Drew, we found some unique ways to help them feel like they belong and experience the freedom to explore. 

Working with Will and Drew, we found that a shared love of the outdoors and the support of our staff helped them become Green Hill’s resident expeditionary adventure team. As of this writing, Will and Drew have just returned from a self-planned camping trip and hike with other residents and are already planning the next one. And that’s not all!

In addition to hiking and camping, Will and Drew both enjoy biking. In fact, several other residents brought bikes and enjoy riding. The revelation that biking was a shared interest among residents inspired Will and Drew to create something cool for the house. As their service project, Will and Drew built a specialized bike rack and storage system to help accommodate all Green Hill’s bikers and outdoorsmen, current and future.

At Green Hill we are proud that our residents have an opportunity to pursue their passions in recovery, and feedback from residents tells us this support goes a long way at making recovery feel meaningful. 

As an example, Will told us: “I feel Green Hill does a great job in helping incubate client ideas and energy in a positive way.” 

Drew also found his passion project work at Green Hill very rewarding. He says: “It was great to revive my woodworking skills for our bike rack, and I enjoyed giving back to the house. It really felt like I accomplished something.”

We believe our cultural commitment to building exciting and fulfilling lives is key to our identity. We find that lasting recovery rests not in the absence of relapse alone, but in rediscovering the things which make our lives exciting as well. Drew and Will certainly accomplished something special and we thank them for leaving their mark on the Green Hill community.

Meet our Program Facilitator: Joey Porchetta

Could we get some biographical information from you? Where you’re from, academic history, professional history, experiences in recovery, family life etc?
I was born and raised in Westfield, New Jersey – about 30 miles west of Manhattan. My twin brother Anthony and I are the youngest – technically, I’m older than Anthony by 7 minutes… My sister Alyssa is the “middle child” and my brother Jon is the oldest. Anthony and I attended Seton Hall Preparatory School and I ended up committing to play lacrosse at Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

I spent about 3 years at F&M before attending my first treatment center – after lots of ups and downs, I got sober in 2017 and started to put together a nice little life for myself. I began working in the treatment field at Hope for Families – an addiction counseling center in Greenville, SC. I moved from Hope for Families to Pavillon’s outpatient services in Greenville. While working at Pavillon, I met the love of my life, Ashley, and we were married in April 2020.

Ashley took on a promotion at work that allowed us to move anywhere we wanted in North Carolina. After looking up treatment centers in Raleigh and seeing Green Hill’s website, I knew this is where I needed to be. Ashley and I moved to Raleigh in August of 2020 with our dog Oakley to embark on our next adventure!

What precisely does a Program Facilitator do?
A program facilitator essentially lives life alongside our clients – I am a living example of someone who has literally been in their position many times, and came out the otherside. I think that uniquely qualifies me to help them throughout this process. Program facilitators are the boots on the ground. We make sure our guys are doing what needs to be done on a daily basis. From morning meds, to grocery store runs, getting the guys to the office, taking them to recovery meetings, beating them in ping pong – PF’s are in constant contact with our guys and help facilitate all the greatness Green Hill has to offer.

What made you want to work in the substance abuse field?
As someone in recovery, I find a great deal of purpose working in this field. I empathize a lot with our clients. I’m someone who has attended every level of addiction treatment as a client. I think because of my experience, I’m well suited to work in the field. I’m at a point in my life where I don’t know exactly what I want to do yet. I feel like I’m pretty good at working with young adult men who are new in recovery and for now it’s exactly where I’m supposed to be.

If you could give a new Program Facilitator one piece of advice, what would it be?
Don’t take things personally and choose your battles. This is such a relational job, it’s crazy to think that you can really make anyone do anything. At the end of the day, I don’t have the power to change anyone. All I can do is show up every day to work with the best attitude ever and try and positively impact the lives of those around me. Every client is different and I treat them each individually. This allows me to seperate who they are from what they do.

What keeps you coming back day after day?
The laughs, the camaraderie, the shared struggle. Working with young adult men has me laughing nonstop every single day. It’s an interesting juxtaposition – alcoholism and addiction is such a serious deal, but we find levity and fun to get through it together. I would also be remiss if I didn’t say “the process”. When someone young and beat down changes their life, it’s a miracle. It is an honor and a privilege to be able to participate in the transformation process of young adult lives. I keep coming back for the miracles that unfold on a daily basis.

What do you believe makes Green Hill stand out in its field, and why?
We operate on a different level at Green Hill. The disease of addiction is interesting because no one exactly has it figured out. This makes for all sorts of different treatment approaches. Green Hill believes in developing young men who live with profound purpose. I didn’t get sober to just live some mediocre life! Therefore, we ask all of our guys to cast some sort of vision for their life.

We come alongside them in rediscovering their passions and interests and then get them moving towards that goal. This is a concept unlike any other sober living I’ve been to or worked at. The difference at Green Hill is our level of intentionality. Come to Green Hill for one day and you’re liable to see our CFO in the backyard of our house making concrete curbs (true story) to skate on outside. Olympic great Michael Phelps has this concept of “dream, plan, reach”. I think that goes on everyday at Green Hill.

When you’re not at work, what do you do to recharge your batteries?
My mental health is directly related to my physical health. When I’m off work there’s a very high chance that you might see me running or riding my bike around Raleigh. You will also find me on the lacrosse field, coaching varsity high school lacrosse. I find great purpose in coaching lacrosse, a lot like I find great purpose as a PF at Green Hill. Recharging my batteries looks like adventuring with Ashley and Oakley, exploring every inch of the research triangle! I’m a big fan of relationships, and so I try and fill my days off with time spent with people (as best as I can with COVID) because that’s what life is about!

What makes Raleigh a superb environment for young people in recovery?
Raleigh has it all. When I think about environments for people in recovery, I think about this concept of building “recovery capital”. Part of being in recovery is the idea of building “community recovery capital”. What that means is, for recovery to develop, it’s important for a community to have adequate resources to support the growth of one’s recovery. Raleigh has all of those resources. Especially for young adult men trying to get back on track.

We have the educational sector covered with NC State being walking distance from our house and other great institutions close by. The AA and recovery support group scene in Raleigh is thriving and has a heavy “young people” presence. The job market is increasing and projected growth moving forward is looking to be above the national average. Raleigh has got it going on!!

What’s the best piece of advice you’ve ever received? How has that advice affected your day-to-day?
The best piece of advice I’ve ever received would probably be to lower my expectations in life. I can knowingly or unknowingly place expectations on everything and everyone in my life. I used to lack awareness of this and it would negatively impact a lot of my experiences. When I became aware of the expectations I was setting, I realized that my expectations were just opportunities for me to be let down at my own expense.

I understand it might be a tall task to “have zero expectations” of others, but I can tell you with confidence that on a day-to-day basis, I have very little expectations of others. I think that because of this, my interactions with others and relationships are much more enjoyable!

What’s the one message you’d like the parents and loved ones of our residents and clients to know?
Your loved ones are in good hands! From the top down, our Green Hill staff is bound together by a common thread: our desire to positively impact the lives of our clients. I see it everyday at work. I hope that the parents and loved ones of our clients know how much we as staff care. We care about your loved ones and want the absolute best for them. I will do everything in my power to help and be of service to them. Also, the TL house is just a good time! We have so much fun on a daily basis.

QUICK FACTS ABOUT JOEY

Favorite movie: The Grand Budapest Hotel

Favorite book: Can’t Hurt Me by David Goggins

Favorite album: The Head and the Heart

Favorite podcast: Crime Junkie

One thing your hometown could be known for: Its quaint downtown – also Whitney Houston is buried there…

Dream vacation: Tanzania to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro

Favorite meal: Chicken Marsala

Dream job as a child: I wanted to play shortstop for the New York Yankees.

One thing everybody loves that you secretly hate, and why: Most social media platforms because I get too distracted

Guiltiest pleasure: Really whiny pop-punk music

Meet our Clinical Outreach Director: Marcus Shumate

Could we get some biographical information from you? Where you’re from, academic history, professional history, experiences in recovery, family life etc?

I was born and raised in Nashville, NC. It’s a small town in Eastern NC. I went to a small liberal arts University called Gardner-Webb University where I majored in Psychology and Religious Studies with an emphasis in Philosophy. I returned there to get my Masters of Arts in Mental Health Counseling. I came from a family that hadn’t previously had anyone graduate from college so my dad put a pretty big emphasis on getting my brother and me through school.

What made you want to work in a) the clinical field generally and b) substance abuse specifically? And what made you decide to change your focus to working in Outreach?

Honestly, I grew up around a lot of heavy and problematic substance use and had no interest in working in the field of substance abuse. It felt “too close to home.” However, as I was set to graduate from my Master’s program, I got an offer to interview for a case manager position at a residential program and I had no other offers available to me. I knew that I liked to have food on the table and had no real prospects for how I was going to make that happen so I figured I’d take the job until something else opened up and, well…I ended up loving it.

Around about eight years into my clinical career I had become involved in some outreach efforts and found that I enjoyed the challenge of finding ways to best represent the ideals and practices of the program. This felt invigorating for me and opened up challenges that I hadn’t previously experienced. Additionally, I started to recognize that I had developed artificial constraints in my head about what I could and couldn’t do and switching to Outreach fulltime gave me a way to challenge those.

The other reason I changed my focus to Outreach was it gave me a chance to join the Green Hill team and I believe I’d be hard pressed to find another environment that relished it’s team members questioning assumed constraints as much as Green Hill does.

What precisely does a Clinical Outreach Director do?

I view the role of a Clinical Outreach Director as being able to distill complicated ideas into readily graspable concepts and narratives that can help others figure out if our program is a good fit for them or their clients. I also view it as my job to make sure we have healthy relationships with various resources and that I can translate what they do and what we do for different people.

What keeps you coming to work back day after day?

The culture of Green Hill is what keeps me coming back. It’s a culture from the top down that prioritizes personal and professional growth and operates off the sincerely held belief that cultivating this sort of culture will impact and challenge our clients. Getting to be a part of that sort of culture is invigorating for me and feels like we are continuing to build something that can be transformative.

What do you believe makes Green Hill stand out in its field, and why?

I think I run the risk of sounding like a broken record, but it’s our culture. Our leadership team has frequent conversations about cultivating a vibrant and growth-oriented culture amongst ourselves. It’s our sincere belief that if we foster this amongst ourselves and create a system by which that becomes the norm all the way down to our most frontline staff, then we can create a healing environment full of cues that are constantly pulling our clients in the right direction.

What’s the one message you’d like the parents and loved ones of our residents and clients to know?

I’d want them to know that growth comes from failure. We have a saying amongst ourselves that we want to create an environment where it’s ok for our clients to “skin their knees without cracking their heads.” When dealing with substance use disorders and mental health struggles it’s easy to forget that part of young adulthood is failing and absorbing the lessons from those failures.

I think back to when I was in my late teens and early twenties and I’m sometimes surprised I am still alive. The funny thing is, I think most of us are like that regardless of our relationship with substances and somehow that truth gets lost on us when substance use disorders and mental health come into play.

We hear you are an avid Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and Muay Thai practitioner. How does your martial arts practice impact your life, your approach to things, your perspective, etc.?

You’ve probably heard that because, in typical fashion to anyone that trains this stuff, it is like one of the four topics that occupies most of my mental space and talking. When you train this stuff you become a zealot and talk about it all the time in the hopes that some other obsessed person will hear your siren call and come to exchange techniques and stories.

One of the reasons I continue to train is because it intimidates me. It’s physically grueling and I never walk into the gym without a flash of anxiety. I’ve been involved in a lot of martial arts over the years and when I first started training things like Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and Muay Thai weren’t readily available in most places. As such, most martial arts had a playacting quality to them in which one person initiates a prescribed technique and the other person responds with a scripted technique. It leads to a sense of confidence that all but the most delusional feel is a bit hollow.

When you step on to the mats to train Brazilian Jiu Jitsu or Muay Thai, there are no self-deceptions that can abide. It’s a combat sport where you are actively trying to best your training partner. Any delusions you may have are immediately brought into contact with reality and the better practitioner often wins the match. If you get lucky, you know that you got lucky. It’s remarkably vulnerable and exposed and it never ceases to make me anxious.

You know what? I need that in my life. It gives me something that lets me constantly be mindful of my own insecurities and recognize them as automatic and transient. This practice gives me the opportunity to generalize it into every other area of my life.

What’s the best piece of advice you’ve ever received? How has that advice affected your day-to-day?

This is a good one. I am not entirely sure, but I’ll cheat the question and try to marry two pieces together. First piece of advice: don’t take yourself too seriously. Second Piece of advice: don’t marry yourself to your ideas. I feel comfortable with these two pieces of advice being married, because I think they’re pretty similar. I think the world is a remarkably complicated place and requires mental models that are fluid and ever evolving. I also think that’s what is fun about living. It’s a constant process of evolution that will be happening with your willingness or not. We can engage with that process with a sense of curiosity and playfulness or have tightly bound fists that stay clinched until our departing breaths.

I’m not the best at applying this, but I find that when I am able to abide in it a bit I tend to feel lighter, more balanced, and think more clearly.

What’s one memory you’ll always take with you from your time here in Green Hill?

It’s not a memory per se, but an impression. I was at my first yearly leadership team meeting and had this overwhelming impression of how dedicated the team and organization was to personal and professional growth. It left me intimated and excited. I think it would be entirely too easy for me to be a part of many organizations and be able to float by, but I don’t think that’s remotely possible for me on our team and it’s intimidating in all the right ways.

When you’re not at work, what do you do to recharge your batteries?

It could be any number of things, but it’s usually a combination of training Jiu Jitsu, cooking, meditation, time with friends, and being outdoors. Also, I love to watch football and could lay comatose on the couch for entirely too long watching games I only have a passing interest in if I am not careful.

What does your ideal day look like?

My ideal day would likely look pretty simple. First, I’d wake up, make some coffee, and get the dogs up and fed. From there, my next move would be to sit on the couch and drink my coffee with the dogs, and then meditate.

Next I’d do a light workout, probably go to Jiu Jitsu and spar with teammates. Having worked up an appetite I’d head home and get into the kitchen and start cooking with my lovely wife. When I’m cooking I love to either listen to music or have some sort of sporting event on in the background. After eating, I’d get back to where I started, on the couch chilling with the dogs… or a friend, until I head to bed. That’d be a good day!

What makes Raleigh a superb environment for young people in recovery?

It’s a city that is full of play and opportunities to build a life. In my past job I was a referring clinician and noticed that a lot of programs were based in really cool cities and places that our clients could go to for aftercare, but couldn’t do much besides play in those places. It was always tough for them to start building a career or exploring interests that were more broad.

What’s one message you wish our residents at Green Hill would always take with them?

Find something to work at that you will fail at and don’t take yourself too seriously.

QUICK FACTS ABOUT MARCUS

Undergraduate School: Gardner-Webb University

Desert Island movie: Easy. Shawshank Redemption

Favorite Book: East of Eden

Favorite Album: Jason Isabell’s South Eastern, Nathaniel Rateliff and the Night Sweats, anything Sam Cooke

Favorite Podcast: The Joe Rogan Experience, Your Mom’s House, Making Sense, and the Knowledge Project.

What’s One Thing Your Hometown Could Be Known For: George’s BBQ Sauce

Dream Vacation: Backpacking around Thailand.

Favorite spot to visit in Raleigh: Transfer Co. Food Hall

Dream job as a child: Chef or Fireman.

Guiltiest pleasure: Peanut Butter. I could eat an entire jar in a sitting.

Upcoming Free CEU: Rethinking Shame 3/23 1pm

We’re excited to announce we’re teaming up with Family First Adolescent Services and Joanna Lilley to bring you an exciting and free CEU virtual training this month. 

Many of the symptoms and behaviors that young people struggle with have their origins as shame-based survival responses to childhood trauma. Using a developmental trauma-informed approach is an important tool for promoting lasting healing.

Join Green Hill Clinical Director Matt O’Connor and Family First Adolescent Services Director of Clinical Development Mike Giresi as they explore how shame can have a profound impact on addiction, mental health, and the development of adolescents and young adults.

In order to receive your free 1.5 CEUs, please ensure you provide all appropriate licensing information when you RSVP (link below). 

If you have any questions, please reach out to Will at (wbernholz@greenhill.advaita.health). 

Topic: Rethinking Shame – How Identity Formation in Adolescents and Young Adults Impacts Everything
Presenters: Matt O’Connor MA, LCAS, ICAADC, Clinical Director, Green Hill Recovery and Mike Giresi CAC, CTP, ICADC, NMP, Director of Clinical Development, Family First Adolescent Services
Hosted By: Joanna Lilley, MA, Lilley Consulting
Date: Tuesday, March 23rd
Time: 1:00pm – 2:30pm EST
Free CEUs offered: 1.5

Click here to RSVP

The Right Ingredients: A Passion Project Story

Will was a bit apprehensive before coming to Green Hill. Being in his late 20’s, his concern was whether or not he would connect with the community in the house because he figured he would be significantly older than most of the other guys.

“I was coming from a challenging period of my life,” says Will. “My addiction had taken me to a pretty lonely and dark place; living in a halfway house, drinking and getting away with it. I had to get up at 6am to drink in order to avoid withdrawals.”

Having been through treatment before, Will was anxious to progress in the program and as many Green Hill guys do, was wondering what his Passion Project might be. Immediately, he became an asset to the community with his empathetic listening and sharp sense of humor. 

Not long after his arrival, our team was overwhelmingly impressed by both Will’s intelligence and earnestness in recovery. He began contributing to our house the moment he arrived, and was always happy to talk to staff about a wide range of subjects.

However, it soon became apparent that Will wanted support in other areas of his life as well. One major area he wanted support in was in how to prepare delicious and healthy food.

This was an excellent opportunity for a Passion Project! We matched Will up with Chef Brian, a local chef who is also very active in recovery and frequents the Green Hill house.

Chef Brian agreed to begin meeting with Will to mentor him and provide cooking lessons. What emerged was a weekly personalized cooking class for Will. Will came in with a beginner’s mind and quickly absorbed important life lessons. Will noted “the most important things I learned was how to plan meals and effectively shop for groceries.” There were other benefits as well. Chef Brian made sure that Will learned multiple recipes, fundamental and advanced cooking and food preparation techniques. Ultimately Will became much more comfortable in the kitchen.

After several months, Will is an old hand in the kitchen and has become more comfortable in the community as well. “I felt really welcomed and supported by the community at Green Hill and was able to connect well with the guys here” says Will. 

Staff too noticed a change. “After Will began his cooking class I noticed a huge shift,” said Michael O’Sullivan, a Green Hill Program Facilitator, “he’s definitely become more comfortable and energized. One specific thing which has been awesome to see is how Will has taken an active role in cooking community dinner on Sunday nights.” 

Will also started to notice a change in himself, saying “I have become more comfortable being honest about when I am struggling and asking for help.” Since being at Green Hill, Will has begun working again full time and has plans to finish school. 

Will is still growing and adjusting to new challenges around food, Now that he’s working full time, keeping up with his healthy cooking routine has been a difficult balance to maintain. However, he still feels that Green Hill and his Passion Project have helped provide him a foundation to build upon and move forward.

Food knowledge has always been a part of our culture at Green Hill. On Sundays we have a community dinner where clients and staff make dinner for the whole community together.

Green Hill prides itself on its ability to facilitate enriching activities and pursuits for our residents. 

Ultimately, that’s what our Passion Projects are all about: helping our guys find their “thing” and then working out a plan of action to foster and support the pursuit of that passion. Our mission is always to bring hope and joy back into the lives of our young men. 

What is Collegiate Recovery?

Long-term recovery from addiction starts with a supportive community. In recovery, some of the most successful programs not only give tools while in a controlled area like a recovery center or group therapy, but when actively involved in the outside world. A person also needs goals to work towards a better future. Enter: Collegiate Recovery. 

So, what is Collegiate Recovery?

Like the name suggests, a collegiate recovery program offers a supportive environment in a college or university campus culture. Collegiate recovery reinforces positive and proactive measures in helping a person with a problematic substance use history. While each collegiate recovery community (CRC) is unique, there are often a range of social workers/counselors, student volunteers, work study students, peer-support specialists, and academic advisors that are trained in this field to ensure a point of contact. 

Someone taking part in a collegiate recovery program may already be an enrolled student looking for additional support or a new student going to school to better their future prospects.

Collegiate recovery is unique in that it offers campus-based resources that focus on the college-age population, but of course isn’t limited to that group. Professionals working in CRC’s are often treating young men and women dealing with similar issues and struggles, which means they can focus on behavioral health needs that may differ from those exploring recovery outside a campus setting. 

Cassidy Conway LCAS-A, LCMHC-A, NCC, one of our primary therapists in the Green Hill Outpatient program, often interacts with clients who could benefit from collegiate recovery. She talked with us about how clients in this age group develop an identity around drug use and how it may affect them long term.

“Some unique challenges I assist clients with are finding their own identity. Typically, at the age of our clients, these young men are at the developmental stage of stepping into their voice, character, and are developing their own identity independently from peers. Because they have had a problematic relationship with substances during this developmental stage, their identity is strongly connected to their use.”

With the success of the collegiate recovery student in mind, both professionals and peers taking part in this program create visibility around the recovery process on the campus. 

What Kind of Support is Offered?

Making Contacts: When students are taking the first steps in collegiate recovery, this program would offer both general and specific information to get them involved as soon as possible. To start, you’ll often find CRCs include peer support groups, sober recreational outings, collegiate recovery sponsored events, sober tailgating events, and student counseling centers. The goal is to make college a successful experience for the recovering student.

Conway continues, “A collegiate recovery program offers a sense of community. Peer support is key to long-term recovery. With the unique stressors of being a student, having support at school is crucial. Each program is different, however, if the school has professional staff on campus, you have university employees advocating for you. That can look like helping get back into school after going to treatment, sober dorms/living, priority scheduling so your classes don’t interfere with any outpatient program you may still be involved in.”

Financial Foundation: One of the biggest stressors in a college experience can be financially related. While not universal, CRCs can sometimes offer resources that can directly help with financial aid, recovery housing, and a consistent space or room provided for support groups and one-on-one meetings. 

Emotional Support: When feeling vulnerable or challenged with something outside of your comfort zone, having a community of support is everything. Emotional support is offered by openness and inclusion through community gatherings, staff and peer interactions, and through community service projects. 

Though collegiate recovery is considered supplemental along with other types of support, experts often stress the importance of community as the cornerstone of long term recovery. One of the most meaningful contributing factors to long-term recovery is a reliable recovery network. This is especially true for the college-aged population, for whom connecting with peers who can relate to problematic substance use and now are exploring goals towards recovery is incredibly important. Connecting with other young people in recovery also creates the opportunity to learn you can have fun and a full life in a sober environment.

At Green Hill, we believe collegiate recovery programs and efforts are essential for our clients, as we’ve seen the impact they can have on young men’s lives. It is an incredible motivator to feel like they have a community and that they’re back on track, working towards goals. Both our Transitional Living and Outpatient programs offers opportunities for college-bound young men dealing with SUD to understand the nuances of recovery, the triggers, and the challenges of a college experience that can prove helpful in the recovery process. 

Want to learn more about collegiate recovery options in Raleigh or elsewhere in North Carolina? Give us a call at 984-204-1106 and we’ll help you find the right resources.

What is the Community-Reinforcement Approach (CRA)?

By Marcus Shumate, LCMHC, LCAS, Clinical Outreach Director, Green Hill

Community-Reinforcement Approach (CRA) is one of the more interesting clinical models for treating substance use disorders. It may lack the notoriety of other models, but it makes up for its lack of notoriety in its effectiveness. In the research arena, CRA has a strong evidence base to support its utilization (Resources: 1, 2).

What is the Community-Reinforcement Approach exactly? And, if it has such good outcomes, one could ask, why haven’t I heard of it? Hopefully this blog post can clear up some of those questions and introduce the approach to you. 

What is the Community-Reinforcement Approach (CRA)?


The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) is a psychosocial intervention for individuals with alcohol and other drug use disorders that focuses on helping individuals find healthier, more adaptive ways to meet their social and emotional needs than using substances.

Source: Recovery Answers – Community Reinforcement Approach

At the risk of removing some of the more interesting nuance about CRA, I’ll try to go beyond just a brief overview of what it is and how it works. That said, CRA is absolutely worth additional time and exploration so feel free to reach out to me or check out online resources to learn more about CRA (Such as 1, 2). Frankly, I believe more people in the substance use disorder treatment field should know about it and utilize it. 

Community-Reinforcement Approach relies heavily on assumptions found in behaviorism. Behaviorism is essentially the theory that human behavior is shaped by the environment through a process referred to as conditioning. CRA runs on the notion that a client can obtain sobriety through creating an incentive-rich environment that reinforces sobriety. It relies heavily on a tool called the Happiness Scale, which helps a client rate his/her level of satisfaction in various life areas (education, vocation, relationships, recreation, spirituality, etc.) during their initial sessions. From there a treatment plan is formed in which the client and therapist agree to focus on improving the level of satisfaction in agreed upon areas. 

How is Community-Reinforcement Approach (CRA) Different?

Unlike other modalities for addressing substance use disorder, CRA prioritizes improving quality of life independent of a person’s ongoing substance use. The great benefit in this difference is that, at some point, a natural tension is created where a client’s desire to keep using substances begins to interfere with his/her agreed upon life goals. In this way, an organic desire for change can begin to emerge while the client has been improving his/her life. 

Here is an example – imagine a scenario where a client rates their “overall satisfaction” with their education progress as “low”, and then working with them to identify the necessary skills that would allow them to elevate their satisfaction. However, their satisfaction here will likely meet an artificial ceiling if they can’t stop drinking excessively which leads to failing to complete assignments, or showing up to class hungover. Eventually, something has to change if they’d like to do better. On the other side of this process, they will have all the more reason to keep working on their sobriety because they are doing well in school and wouldn’t want to jeopardize that. 

The Community-Reinforcement Approach (CRA) Reward System

On a personal note, one of the reasons I love CRA is that I am skeptical about the amount of free will a person actually has. If you’ll indulge the notion that free will may be rather limited, I’ll build my case on why CRA does a good job of accounting for this. As humans we’re heavily driven by activities that we find rewarding and don’t have control over what we do find rewarding. 

In the case of addiction, that experience of “reward” can drive a person to ongoing and problematic use because of how intense the reward sensation can be. Over time, this can lead to a narrowing of priorities where a person’s brain is almost exclusively focused on obtaining that reward sensation through substances. 

CRA creates a system by which a client can focus on building other pathways for obtaining those reward sensations. Once an environment has been created that provides other rewarding experiences, substances start to lose some of their inherent appeal. 

Final Thoughts

Ultimately, CRA is focused on building a life that is more rewarding and meaningful than substance use. This meaningful and rewarding life then in turn helps pull someone towards a more sober life.

This emphasis on building a meaningful life is ultimately why this clinical model fits so perfectly with Green Hill’s approach to treatment and recovery. We remain focused on what we’re most passionate about: the work of helping our clients find purpose and flourish.

Color Coded: A Passion Project Story

Our story begins, as many do, with a talented young man who felt very much “on the outside” when it came to social interactions. From there, Liam eventually gravitated towards both substance use and using art to express himself. At first, Liam only used drugs and alcohol occasionally with his peers, but his use began to ramp up dramatically as he got older. Unfortunately, the isolation and anxiety he felt only increased.

“Before treatment, my life was closing in on me and I saw no way out,” says Liam. “A few weeks before leaving for rehab I had a horrible LSD experience, and it only intensified the feelings of irrelevance and worthlessness. At the end of my active addiction I was doing nothing to better myself.”

Eventually, Liam’s parents found out about the scale of his use and decided to intervene. After attending a 90-day treatment program, both Liam and his parents were confused as to the next steps. Did he return home and potentially fall back into his previous cycle? Did he relocate to a new city? Or should he continue to engage in the treatment process in a more structured environment?

After some back and forth and counseling with the team at his rehabilitation clinic, Liam eventually decided to join Green Hill to further ground him in the culture of recovery.

One of the most exciting parts of watching residents enter our program is seeing what first ignites their passion. When he first arrived, Liam seemed unsure what to make of the Green Hill program. One day, our team at the house watched in amazement as Liam spent hours creating a complex and abstract art piece using just a pad of paper and colored pencils. Our team quickly found that the quickest way to get Liam to open up was to ask him about his art work.

“My art aids in my recovery because it provides an emotional outlet that I can always pick up,” says Liam. “My art really feels like my voice, and I love that I can speak through it at any time.”

When our program team mentioned spray painting at nearby NC State’s Free Expression Tunnel as a regular weekday activities, we saw Liam really come alive. Arming himself with a number of spray paint cans, Liam parked himself in front of a spare section of wall and worked on a single, elaborate design.

Recognizing the positive potential in Liam’s focus, our program team and Liam began planning his Passion Project. We scheduled a graffiti workshop for Liam and a couple other interested clients with Morgan Cook, a renowned muralist and graffiti artist whose works can be found all over North Carolina’s capital city.

“I really loved my graffiti lesson. Morgan is a very talented artist and he has so much knowledge about street art! He is also a fantastic teacher, and made the techniques and lessons very accessible,” says Liam. “Now, when I look at really elaborate tags I used to think as impossible, I see them as something I can accomplish. I think this will help me expand my abilities as an artist and I’m excited for the journey.”

Cook, who is perhaps best known for his impressive typography and The Alphabet Project, a partnership with the city of Raleigh where Cook embeds a single letter of the alphabet in notable spots across our city, also benefited from the lesson.

“Teaching the class for Green Hill was a humbling experience,” says Cook. “When I was younger, I always wanted someone to show me how things were done, so being able to pass on real knowledge about the culture was fulfilling. We talked about everything from spray paint control to the history of graffiti, and it seemed like they thoroughly enjoyed the class.”

In addition to Liam, another resident, Ian, a recent graduate to our step-down program, also attended the graffiti session.

Ian enjoys the therapeutic aspect of painting. Arriving at our program soon after the beginning of the pandemic, our offices are covered in canvases Ian has branded with his own style of oil painting. Even though Ian no longer lives in the Transitional Living house, he is often seen participating in our house activities, and jumped at the chance to learn some techniques from a master.

Whatever their passion is, Green Hill simply wants our residents to know that we are here to provide support for their healthy aspirations. As a team where many of us are in recovery as well, we understand first hand that a little support at a key period can make a lasting and life-changing difference.

We’re excited to see where Liam and Ian apply the lessons they’ve learned in their Passion Projects and thrilled to see what future residents might set out to accomplish!


While you’re here, check out a few of our previous Passion Project stories below.

Cassidy Conway Joins the Green Hill Team as Primary Therapist

Green Hill is excited to announce that Cassidy Conway LCAS-A, LCMHC-A, NCC has joined the team as a Primary Therapist for our Outpatient program. Cassidy conducts individual and group counseling for our Outpatient clients, helping them along their journey of growth and development through the Green Hill curriculum. In addition to counseling, Cassidy is actively working to expand the Green Hill curriculum to an online platform. 

Cassidy graduated from Drexel University with a dual-degree in Psychology and Behavioral Health Counseling and received her Master’s degree in Counseling from UNC Charlotte. Cassidy believes her professional calling for providing substance use counseling found her, rather than the other way around. While working in a hospital, Cassidy recognized for the first time a clear stigma against the disease of addiction in a medical setting. 

Such experiences drove her passion to educate and advocate for the recovery community.  Cassidy uses a person-centered, trauma informed, and systemic approach, adjusting her treatment plans to account for the individual life journey of each client. She finds the power of community and collaboration within counseling to be essential components of treatment.

Green Hill’s Outpatient Director Brandon Robinson had this to say about Cassidy: “Cassidy is someone who sees recovery as a process and knows her role is to support that process, whether it goes forward or backwards.  Her sensitivity, quirky humor, and creativity set her apart from other professionals, but most of all, her ability to role model how the female gender can influence and relate to young men in early recovery is paramount.”

Check back soon to see our Meet the Team feature on Cassidy for a chance to get to know her even better.

Welcome to the team Cassidy!

Meet Our Program Coordinator: Jay Bylund

Could we get some brief biographical information from you? Hometown, previous experience, education, etc?

I was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan and relocated to Weddington, North Carolina, just outside of Charlotte, when I was ten years old. I played lots of sports growing up but ended up finding a passion for lacrosse and played year-round through high school. When I wasn’t playing lacrosse or partying, I spent my time playing ultimate frisbee, disc golf, guitar and going to see live music. 

I developed an addiction to painkillers after several sports-related injuries and quickly became dependent on them. I was a highly functioning addict and managed to graduate high school with a 4.5 GPA. I attended North Carolina State for 5 years until I was expelled as a consequence of my behavior and struggles with substance abuse. 

My journey towards recovery started shortly after with my first stay at an inpatient rehab in Palm Springs, CA. I managed to stay clean for a short period of time after that, but spent the next 5 years going in and out of various levels of treatment, eventually moving to even more dangerous forms of substance abuse. After a very serious hospitalization caused by my addiction, my family cut all ties with me. I found my way to a long-term residential treatment program for the homeless called The Healing Transitions of Wake County. I stayed at Healing Transitions for 15 months to complete their program and then pretty much started from scratch.

Since then, I have built a joyous and purposeful life for myself full of fun and supportive people, including the family I mentioned earlier. I joined the Green Hill team during its infancy and pride myself both on helping build it into what it is today and the bold direction it’s moving into the future. In my free time, I enjoy taking trips to the beach, travelling to see my favorite band (Phish), playing darts, disc golf, and socializing with friends.

The most important parts of my recovery are service work and maintaining my physical and mental health. I visit my former treatment facility on a weekly basis to volunteer and help other men in recovery. 

What do you believe makes Green Hill stand out in its field, and why?

Green Hill stands out for one reason: we genuinely take a vested interest in each one of our clients, as opposed to treating them as just another dollar sign. Our small, tight-knit staff and the work culture that surrounds it helps us support our residents to be their best.

What keeps you coming back day after day?

Knowing that I will most likely have fun at work and that I will have the chance to make a difference in someone’s life. 

If you could give a new Program Coordinator one piece of advice, what would it be?

No matter how hard you try, you can’t make someone change. You can only give them the tools they need. The rest is up to them. 

What’s one memory you’ll always take with you from your time here in Green Hill?

I’ve always been fond of our Holiday work parties. It’s fun to have everyone in the company in one place and watch their personalities come to life. The white elephant gift exchange never disappoints.

What’s one thing your hometown could be known for, and why?

Where a lot of the Panthers reside.

What does your ideal day look like?

Assuming this day is a weekend, I’d like to wake up around 10 and go for a 3 mile run followed by some weight lifting. After that, I’d want to go eat brunch with my girlfriend at one of our favorite spots – Tazza Kitchen. Later on, we head to the pool with some friends and cook dinner. Later in the evening, we would head over to the pool hall to shoot some darts and then come home to binge-watch shows on Netflix. 

How has your family impacted the way you approach your life in recovery?

The best thing my family ever did for my recovery was push me away so that I could no longer manipulate or lie to them. I’m sure it was hard for them, but it was what needed to happen for me to take responsibility for my own life. 

What’s one message you wish our residents at Green Hill would always take with them?

I have two, but I think they’re equally important. First, don’t let your past define you. And second, don’t be afraid to ask for help.

Quick Facts about Jay

Undergraduate school: North Carolina State University – in progress

Desert Island movie: The Grand Budapest Hotel

Favorite book: The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo 

Favorite album: Live Phish Volume 17 – Portland, Oregon 7/15/98

Dream vacation: Thailand

Top karaoke song choice: Debra by Beck

Favorite spot to visit in Raleigh: Cedar Hills Disc Golf course

Favorite meal: Sushi

Dream job as a child: Rockstar

Favorite Green Hill activity: Beach Volleyball